Paint compound and process of making the same.



WILLIAM N. BLAKEMAN, JR.. or NEW YORK, N. Y;

mm coaroeitn AND PROCESS or MAKING THE sum.

specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 31, 1908.

Application flied ma 2c, 1906. Serial No. 302,986.

To a ll 7177mm it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM N. BLAKE- MAN, Jr, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the borough of Manhattan, in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Pigment Compound and Process of Making the Same, which invention is fully set forth in the followings iecitication.

The o )ject of this invention is to produce, in paste form, a com ound of a pi ment which contains no ll V( roxyl, and a liquid, which compound, or magma, when subsequently attenuated in an oil, will form a mint that will spread in a smooth, uniform, ioniogencous and elastic film, and dry rapidly.

Pigments which carry no water in combi nation and were formerly known as anhydrous. but which may be more accurately described as pigments containing no hydroxyl, do not form satisfactory saponaceous compounds, have very limited spreading power, and are slow in drying when ground in an oil vehicle; and Dutch process white lead, in consequence of its quick formation of a sapon'aceous compound. due to the hydrated oxid of lead which it carries in combination has, heretofore. been regarded as the only white pigment suitable for use as a sole basis for paint.

I have discovered that by grinding a pigment which contains no hydroxyl and is\deticient in spreading power in a rancidified fatty liquid to the consistency of a paste, a compound or magma will be formed, which, when subsequently extended with commercial oil as a vehicle, will fornia paint that will spread in a smooth, uniform andelastic film, and dry rapidly. in all physical respects equal, if not superior to, the combination of 'Dutch lead in linseed oil.

The ranciditied liquid with which I grind the pigment may be formed from an oil or fat, such as linseed, tung, or castor oil; a derivative of an oil or fat. such as oleic acid, olein, stearic acid. stearin; or other equivalent substance. I prefer to employ linseed oil.

Selecting linseed oil to illustrate my invention. it may be ranciditied by any suitable method, such as by exposing the oil in broad surfaces to the action of air and light until it has ranciditied and responds to the Kreis test for rancidity (Cltcmilccc Zeitung, 1899, Vol. :23, p. 802). As, however, this method tion, until the water has will be found a slow one and may require several months exposure, depending upon climatic conditions, I prefer to hydrate the oil before exposing it to air and light, as I have found that such hydration will shorten, very greatly, the time necessary for ranciditication. 'lhehydration of the oil may be effected by suspending the oil in a suitable vessel over a body of water, with a covering arranged to retain a vaporous atmosphere in contact with the oil; or by placing the oil in a vessel having about. one per cent. of distilled water on the bottom, and exposing this vessel to light, with fre 'uent gentle agitaeen absorbed and combined with the oil; or by placing the oil in a vessel with about one per cent. of water distributed on the bottom, and then subjecting it. to a heat of about 140 Fahr., with frequent gentle agitation, until the water has been absorbed and combined with'the oil, which will require from eight to ten hours, or longer, the time depending u on keeping the water in minute cont-act wit the oil by agitation. This latter method of hydration is the one I prefer to employ, but, no matter which method is employed, the oil, after hydration, should be exposed in broad surfaces to the action of air and light until ran- ,cidification has set in, which Wlll require from six to eight days, the shorter period if exposed to continuous bright sunli ht.

When the oil responds to the ireis test for rancidity, it is in condition for use with those pigments which contain no hydroxyl, and are ordinarily deficient. in spreading power when ground in oil, and I take ZlnO-OXlIl, for example, and grind it. in a sufficient quantity of this ranciditied oil to form a paste of about the same consistency as white lead ground in oil at present on the market. From eight to ten per cent. of the rancidified oil will be about the proper percentage for zinc ox'd, but it will be evident to those skilled in t e art thata heavier'or less bulky pigment will require a smaller percentage of the oil to form a paste of the same consistency, while a still lighter pigment will require a larger percentage.

t i'hen desired for use as a paint. the paste, or magma, can be extended with say ninety parts of commercial linseed oil, and when so extended, the paint produced will be found satisfactory in all respects.

The pigments which contain no hydroxyl, rendered available for use by my invention,

include zinc oxid, zinc sulfid, lead carbonate, lead sulfate, lead sulfite, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, strontium sulfate, stron tium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and the various combinations of zinc and lead resulting from furnace sublimation and known commercially as sublimed lead, zinco-sulfate of lead, oxysulfate of lead, zinc-lead and other trade designations. These igments may be used either singly or in com ination, as my invention imparts spreading power to all of them; but, as some of these pigments (the earthy sulfates'and carbonates, for example), are deficient in opacity, it will be found advantageous to combine therewith a proportion of zlnc oxid. For colored paints, the addition of the colored pigment or pigments will supply the necessary opacity.

- As the pigments named vary in composition, it may be found necessary in practice to vary the rancidity of the fatty liquid in order .to obtain the best results with a particular pigment or combination of pigments-a dense or heavy pigment, like the lead salts, 'requiring less rancidity than a light or bulky pigment like zinc oxid. It is obvious, however, that, in rancidifyingl the fatty liquid, if the exposure to air and ight be prolonged after it first responds to the test for rancidity, the rancidity will be intensified and a more highly rancidified liquid produced and hence by regulating the exosure, any desired degree of rancidity can e obtained. In no event, however, should the exposure be continued until the fatty liquid assumes a solid or semi-solid condition, as it will then no longer be miscible with or soluble in commercial oil, and will be useless for my purpose. My rancidified liquid is miscible in all proportions with linseed and other fatty oils, and hence, b uniform standard of rancidity or the liquid,

such liquid can be attenuated in linseed oil.

or other fatty oil until the proper. condition of rancidity is obtained necessary for the pigment with which it is to be combined, and then the pi ment be ground into a paste with such ranci ified liquid and the attenuating oil.

In order to ascertain the rancidity necessary for a particular pi ment, the film test Ina be employed. F or example: When eig t to ten per cent. of linseed oil slightly rancidified as shown by the Kreis test, or, one quarter to one half of one per cent. of linseed oil highly rancitied and attenuated in eight or ten per cent. of an attenuating oil, is ground into paste form with 100 per cent. of zinc oxid, and this ma ma then extended with 90 per cent. of linseed oil to form a paint, and the usual quantity of li uid drier added, if the paint so produced ollows the brush in a smooth, homogeneous, and uniform film, does not run, crack, or craze, and "dries in from three to five hours, the degree of ranadopting a cidity in the liquid may be regarded as satisfactory, and the rancidifying process may be arrested.

Any other oil or fat (animal or vegetable) or a fatty derivative of an oil or fat may be used instead of linseed oil to form the rancidified liquid, and be rancidified, or h drated and rancidified, by any of the met 1- ods above. described. Should any of the substances named be found to be too viscous to be easily rancidified, they may be first brought to the proper state of fluidity by the use of any attenuant with which they are miscible or soluble, and then be rancidified, or hydrated and rancidified. In bydrating a viscous liquid such as castor oil or tung oil, it will be found necessary to give a longer exposure to heat than for a less viscous liquid.

The oil, before being rancidified, and either before or after hydration, may be oxi dized by any suitable method of oxidation, such as by heating it on oxidizers; or by submitting it with heat, to the action of pure oxygen under ressure; or by assing through it, with eat, thoroughly dr1ed-air; or by incorporating with it any highly oxidized body with which it is miscible, such as boiled linseed oil, manganese resinate, elaidinized oil and the like.

A more'energetic action will be produced in the magma, if the pigment be treated by combining therewith a hydrated metallic or earthy oxid, such as hydroxid of zinc, or other hydroxid. From one to five per cent. of hydroxid may beused, depending upon the pigment treated, a light or bulky pigment re uiring a larger percentage than a dense or eavy one. The hydroxid may be attenuated in water, then incorporated with the pigment, and the water afterwards evapo rated; or it. may be precipitated upon the pigment at its first formation.

Two or more substances of the character described may be rancidified, or hydrated and rancidified, and combined in the paste compound; and two or more oils, drying, or non-drying, may be combined to form the paint-vehicle. An I I inseed, tung or ot er drying oil, or a commercial liquid drier, may be used in the paint. Heat, pressure and agitation maybe em loyed whenever deemed advisable.

rom the above description, it will be seen that, as a result of my invention, all those pigmentswhich contain no hydrox l, and

suitable drier, such as which have heretofore beenregarde as unavailable for use except in conjunction with white lead, can be placed upon the market in paste form ready to be extended or attenuated with linseed oil by the painter, exactlv as white lead is sold and manipulated at the Eresent day; and as I believe myself to be the rst person'to accomplishthis result, I wish it to be understood that the rancidification of the liquid, the proportion of substances, the number and character of ingredients, and the steps of the process, may be varied as practice shall dictate without departing from the essence of my invention.

Having thus fully described my invention, I.clai1n:-

1. A compound or mixture, in paste form,

of a pigment which contains no hydroxyl;

and is deficient in spreading power and a rancidified fatty substance.

2. A compound or mixture, in paste form, of a pigment which contains no hydrox l; and is deficient in spreading power an a rancidified oil.

3. A compound or mixture, in paste form, of a pigment which contains no hydroxyl;

and is deficient in spreading power, a ran- 1 cidified fatty substance; and an attenuating oil.

4. A compound or mixture, in paste form, of a pigment which contains no hydroxyl and is deficient in spreading power, a ran cidified fatty liquid; and an attenuating oil.

5. The rocess herein described, which consists in first rancidifying a liquid and then grinding therein, to form a paste, a igment which contains no hydroxyl, and is eficient in spreading power.

6. The process herein described, which consists in first rancidifying a liquid, then attenuating it in an oil, and then grinding therein, to form a paste, a pigment which contains no hydroxyl, and is deficient in spreading power.

WM. N. BLAKEMAN, JR.

Witnesses:

FRANCIS P. REILLY, MABEL O. FAHNESTOCK. 

